一篇关于china的由来的英语作文
“China”既是“中国”的英文名字，也是中文“陶瓷”的英文名字。关于中国英文名China的由来，主要有以下四大说法。
【说法一：源于瓷器】早在东汉时期，古人就在昌南（宋景德年间改名为景德镇）建造窑坊，烧制陶瓷。到了唐朝，由于昌南土质好，创制出一种晶莹滋润的青白瓷，因而昌南镇的瓷器远近闻名，并大量出口欧洲。 十八世纪以前，欧洲人还不会制造瓷器，因此中国特别是昌南镇的精美瓷器很受欢迎。在欧洲，昌南镇瓷器是十分受人珍爱的贵重物品，人们以能获得一件昌南镇瓷器为荣。就这样欧洲人就以“昌南”的译音作为瓷器（china）和生产瓷器的“中国”（China）的代称。
【说法二：源于秦朝】强盛的秦帝国虽然存在只有十五年，但是秦统一六国之前就已经很强大，所以秦的影响是及其深远的。秦帝国以西是百胡,有白种匈奴,有月支,有乌孙，有闪族人。这些种族只知有秦,不知有汉! 月支人后来西迁,雄霸中亚,建立贵霜帝国,也就是现在阿富汗的前身!贵霜帝国西部的强邻便是波斯帝国,现在的伊朗语里面,中国就是“秦(Chin)”,在“秦(Chin)”后面加上一个-a用以表示地域。
【说法三：源于梵文】源于印度古梵文“支那”，也作脂那、至那，其实三千年前就出现了。那时候中国还是夏朝，所以秦朝和瓷器还都未出现。隋代慧苑法师《华严经音义》云：“支那，翻为思维。以其国人多所思虑，多所制作，故以为名。二十世纪之初，文僧苏曼殊(1884-1918)通英、法、日、梵诸文，他认为China起源于古梵文“支那”，初作Cina，用来指我华夏。他研读三千年前的古印度史诗《摩诃婆罗多》和《罗摩衍那》，发现支那一词最早见于这两部著作，其原义为“智巧”。他认为，这是三千四百年前印度婆罗多王朝时彼邦人士对黄河流域商朝所治国度的美称。
【说法四：源于契丹】俄罗斯等众多国家称呼中国为Китай，直译过来是“契丹”。俄国人到目前为止仍然称中国为Kitan（契丹），称中国人为Kitanyes（契丹人），希腊语把整个中国称为契丹，读音为Kita1a，在穆斯林文献中常把北中国称为契丹（Khita，Khata）。中古英语中把中国叫做Cathay，当代英语也有用"Cathay"来表示中国，如 Cathay Pacific（国泰航空）。在中世纪从中亚直到西欧，“契丹”一直是对中国的一个通称。在他们眼里认为契丹是古代中国的代名词。“契丹”作为中国通名的主要原因，是经过辽金两代的民族融合，“契丹”已经成为华北主要各族（契丹、汉人、女真、渤海等）的通称。之所以这么称呼，也与蒙古人的东征西战和元朝统治有关，他们称中国北方为“契丹”，读音为cina。cina是蒙古人语中的戎狄，是以狼为图腾的部落。
"China" is both the English name of "China" and the English name of Chinese "ceramics." Regarding the origin of Chinese English name China, there are mainly the following four major arguments.
[Statement 1: Originated from porcelain]As early as the Eastern Han Dynasty, the ancients built a kiln workshop in Changnan(renamed Jingdezhen during the Songjingde period) and fired ceramics. In the Tang Dynasty, due to the good quality of Changnan soil, a crystal white and blue porcelain was created. As a result, the porcelain of Changnan Town was famous and exported to Europe in large quantities. Before the eighteenth century, Europeans could not make porcelain, so fine porcelain in China, especially in Changnan Town, was very popular. In Europe, changnan porcelain is a very precious item, people are proud to be able to obtain a changnan porcelain. In this way, Europeans use the transliteration of "Changnan" as the name of porcelain and China, which produces porcelain.
[Statement 2: Originated from the Qin Dynasty]Although the strong Qin Empire existed for only fifteen years, Qin was already very strong before the reunification of the six countries, so Qin's influence was far-reaching. West of the Qin Empire was Baihu, with white Huns, moon branches, Wusun, and Semitic people. These races know only Qin and Han! The month branch later moved west, dominated Central Asia, and established the Guishuang Empire, which is now the predecessor of Afghanistan! The strong neighbor of the western part of the Guishuang Empire is the Persian Empire. In the Iranian language now, China is "Chin". After "Chin", a-a is added to indicate the region.
[Statement 3: Originated from Sanskrit]Originated from the "Gufanwen" of India, it also made fat and there. In fact, it appeared three thousand years ago. At that time, China was still the Xia Dynasty, so the Qin Dynasty and porcelain have not yet appeared. Suidaihuiyuan's "Huayanjingyinyi" cloud: "Zhina, turned into thinking. With many people's thoughts and many productions, they are named after them. At the beginning of the 20th century, Wensengsuman(1884-1918) passed through the English, French, Japanese, and Sanskrit languages. He believed that China originated from the ancient Sanskrit "Zhina" and was first used as Cina to refer to my Huaxia. He studied the ancient Indian epics "Mahabharata" and "Ramayana" three thousand years ago. He found that the word Zhina was first seen in these two books. Its original meaning was "smart and clever." He believes that this is the name of the country that was ruled by the Shang Dynasty in the Yellow River Basin during the Bharata dynasty of India four hundred years ago.
[Statement 4: Originated from Khitan]Many countries, such as Russia, call China Кита<S>, literally translated as "Khitan." The Russians have so far called China Kitan(Khitan) and the Chinese as Kitanyes. The Greek called the entire China Khitan and pronounced Kita1a. In the Muslim literature, North China is often called Khitan.(Kita, Khata). In Middle English, China is called Cathay, and contemporary English also uses "Cathay" to represent China, such as Cathay Pacific(Cathay Pacific). In the Middle Ages from Central Asia to Western Europe, "Khitan" has always been a general term for China. In their eyes, Khitan is synonymous with ancient China. The main reason why "Khitan" is the Chinese common name is that after the ethnic integration of the Liao and Jin dynasties, "Khitan" has become the general name of the major ethnic groups in North China(Khitan, Han, Jurchen, Bohai, etc.). The reason why this is called is also related to the Mongolian Eastern War and the Yuan Dynasty rule. They call northern China "Khitan" and the pronunciation is cina. Cina is a monk in the Mongolian language and is a tribe with a wolf as a totem.
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